專家介紹
本人1953年生於香港，在香港讀小學和英文中學，為香港居民。
學歷方面：
1、國立政冶大學新聞系畢業，高年級時主修英文組、2、香港中文大學工商管理研究所碩士班畢業；學校雖冠名“中文”，但所內有授課、課堂討論及作業（包括考試及畢業報告）一律採用英文。
工作經驗方面，包括船務公司主任、銀行副理、租賃公司經理/協理、飲料公司經理/總經理特別助理、出口商外銷代理人等。在受僱及自僱期間，或因僱主屬外商機構或聯繫對象為國外企業，使用英文頻繁,涵蓋電傳、電郵、書信、報告、審核/草擬英文合約等。
本人本為香港居民，於英文日常會話及商用會話翻譯亦相同擅長，所以不論中譯英或英譯中，皆以當地習慣用詞彙進行翻譯。
翻譯不是只照字面直譯，必須貫通上下文，才能符合原著的真意並使譯文流暢通順，尤其對於專有名詞，更需參考所屬行業用語，才不致翻譯錯誤。所以並不會如機器翻譯用詞用語如此生硬且不流暢。
謹附上最近三篇簡易的時事報章翻譯作品（兩篇屬中譯英和一篇英譯中），敬請參考並斧正。
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【中譯英】
原文標題： “迎戰元宇宙 加速育才”
https://udn.com/news/story/7339/6029574
筆者： 夏肇毅 (CubicPower晶智能中心創辦人)
原文刊登在2022年1月3日台灣聯合報A14版
原文：
自從去年底Facebook改名Meta擁抱元宇宙科技之後，元宇宙這名詞就急速推動了投資界一股新熱潮。雖然特斯拉的馬斯克嘲諷這個元宇宙只是一個行銷名詞，沒有人會整天戴著眼罩。這就像任何新興科技剛開始一樣，處於技術成熟度曲線的起步階段，待各項科技日漸成熟，缺點慢慢改進後，終有開花結果的一天。就像馬斯克以前提出電動車和登陸火星的概念，開始總是會被人嘲笑，然而只要有毅力，能夠持續投入，總是會有所收穫。
其實元宇宙也不是新概念，只是幾個成熟科技的組合體。首先最主要的就是沉浸式體驗。它靠VR眼鏡讓你看到3D的世界，而置身其中。現在看Google的街景時，它是將街景照片顯示在你的前方，當套上3D眼鏡，你就能像站在這個街景之中。隨著頭部轉動，四面八方都可以看到不同的街景，而且可以在裡面隨意走動。
除了沉浸式科技之外，還要再加上虛擬遊戲，才能創造出虛擬世界。這並不是新鮮事，廿年前的第二人生影音遊戲就開始了。現在的元宇宙就是要把以前的這些虛擬遊戲，加在沉浸式的虛擬環境之中，讓你有置身其中的臨場感，完全忘了真實自我的存在。可以預期，推動元宇宙應用，幾項科技的需求將突飛猛進。
首先就是3D頭套眼鏡。微軟、Facebook，還有宏達電，都有自己的產品。它還需要上千倍的計算能力的增長，以改善頭暈的狀態和呈現更真實的3D模型。同時要再減輕重量，縮小體積，才能讓人戴著時感受不到它的存在。其次就是精細建模，把實際世界物品的3D模型，利用雷射或紅外線量測建出來。越是精細的模型，點數越多，所需要的顯示加速卡性能需求就越高。再下去就是連線的速度要提高，如5G或是WiFi6甚至未來的6G，以即時傳送轉換不同環境的模型。
除了這些硬體支援之外，最重要的就是建構虛擬世界遊戲的軟體產製。就如現在大量的3D遊戲一樣，要有身如其境的臨場感，是需要龐大的人力物力投入的。一個遊戲就像旅館門後的一個房間而已，要有眾多的旅館和商場，才能構成一個城市。再加上運作過程所衍生出的非同質化代幣NFT與區塊鏈應用等，同時要能做出這麼多東西，背後一定要有大量的開發人力做支援。
如同現在聯發科IC設計需要大量的設計工程師，台積電要培養大量的半導體人才一樣，發展元宇宙也需要大量的內容軟體製作人才。目前主要大學比較投入在科學性的發展上，遊戲性科系以科技大學較多。因應元宇宙發展，需要的技術成分越來越高，如3D顯示加速器，人工智慧即時圖像處理應用等；如果不在議題起步階段，就同步增加教育系統的人才培育，等到產業真的起來時再培養就來不及了。
現在台積電人才需求孔急，大學才開始設立半導體學院，等到學生畢業都已經是多年以後的事情了。若想發展元宇宙產業，現在就要開始加速人才培育，再晚就只能等著看人家車尾燈了。
譯稿如下：
Meeting Metaverse challenges & Expediting talents forstering
Since Facebook changed its name to Meta to embrace the metaverse technology at the end of last year, “Metaverse”, the term by itself, has rapidly stimulated a new hot trend in the investment sector. Although Tesla’s Elon Mask jeered that metaverse is only a marketing name; nobody will wear an eye mask the whole day. Just like the beginning of any new technology, it is still in the initial stage of the technology maturity curve, but following the gradual maturity of the technology, defects will be gradually improved, the technology will eventually blossom one day. As in the cases when Elon Mask proposed the concept of electric vehicles and landing on Mars, the beginning always encountered people’s mocking, however, should there be perseverance and continuous input, reward will be forthcoming.
In fact, metaverse is not a new concept; it is just a combination of several mature technologies. The first things first item is immerse experience. By way of VR glasses, it enables you to see the 3D world and place yourself in it. When looking at Google’s street view now, it shows the street view photos in front of you, and when you put on the 3D glasses, you seem to be standing in the street. Following the head’s movement, you can see different street views in all directions, and you can move anywhere in there as you want.
Besides the immerse technology, virtual game should also be included so as to create the virtual world. This is not new, it already began from the launch of the audio-video game named Second Life two decades ago. Today’s metaverse is to incorporate the previous virtual games into the immerse virtual environments, making you to feel as if you are on the spot and to totally forget the existence of your real self. It can be expected that, in promoting the metaverse application, there will be substantial increase in the need of several technologies.
First, 3D headgear glasses. Microsoft, Facebook and also HTC Corporation have their own products. It still need thousand-fold increase in its computation ability to improve the dizzy situation as well as to present more real 3D models. Simultaneously, it needs to further reduce its weight and volume to make people do not feel its existence when wearing it. Secondly, exquisite modelling; use laser or infrared to measure and develop the 3D models for the real world’s actual objects; the more exquisite the models the more dots will be, and the higher performance required for the accelerator card. Going further needs to increase the connection speed, such as 5G or WiFi6 or even future 6G, for the instant transmission of models with switched different environments.
In addition to these hardware support, the most important is to develop and build up the software for the virtual world’s games. As in the case of current mass volume of 3D games, the on-spot feeling requires input of enormous manpower and material resources. A game is just like a room behind the door of a hotel, and there are many hotels and shopping malls to form a city. Plus the derivatives like NFT (non-fungible token) and blockchain applications during the operation processes, it must have the support of enormous development manpower behind to make up so many things.
As in the cases where Media Tek needs a large number of design engineers and TSMC has to foster many semi-conductor talents, metaverse development also needs a large number of talents in producing content software. At present, major universities put in efforts more in scientific areas, while technologyl universities, more in games related sectors. To cope with the development in metaverse, which requires higher and higher tech level, like 3D image accelerator, artificial intelligence instant image processor application, and etc.; if the educational system cannot simultaneously increase fostering pertinent talents from the beginning, it will become too late when the industry really becomes thriving.
TSMC is now in urgent need of pertinent talents, while universities just began to set up their semi-conductor academies; it will be years later to have their graduates. If it is to develop the metaverse industry, it is high time we expedited the talent fostering, otherwise, we shall fall behind the others.
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【中譯英】
原文標題： 買得起的家－地上權住宅成新寵：市價低於一般住宅、且享有稅務優勢、創造政府、人民、開發商共贏局面
https://money.udn.com/money/story/122263/6029139
筆者： 台灣經濟日報記者張瑞文
原文刊登在2022年1月3日台灣聯合報A15版
原文：
通膨怪獸來襲、帶動房價高漲，形成一股幾乎席捲全球的焦慮型購屋風潮。對此專家提出，放眼全球蔚為風潮的「地上權」住宅來看，不失為另一種選擇。
針對這個議題，日前房地產座談會上，美商ERA易而安不動產董事執行長黃鵬䛥表示，可參考國際上最具代表性的地上權住宅案例，就是新加坡以國家力量推動的「組屋」住宅政策，成功以地上權住宅確保了國民的基本居住權，同時也保留具備土地所有權的商品房，做為提供國際商務人士與富豪們打造高架私人居所使用，兩者兼顧並無衝突。
由於地上權住宅的特色就是低於一般住宅的市價，且享有稅務上優勢，值得台灣官方與民眾注意，特別是全球陷入通膨大趨勢，房價上漲在短期間看不到終點，善用地上權住宅創造「負擔得起的家」，才能創造政府、人民、開發商各方共贏的局面。
中國文化大學兼任副教授暨大華不動產估價師聯合事務所所長張義權表示，地上權住宅在全世界有非常多案例，以台灣的地上權住宅來看，優點就是無增值稅問題，售價也比市價便宜，這兩大重點就是台灣推動地上權住宅的最大動力。
與會的中華民國不動產商業同業公會全國聯合會秘書長于俊明則表示，早期談到地上權住宅，會涉及租賃權住宅的領域，但現今的新地上權住宅案，法律上權利結構同時具備「土地的地上權」以及「房屋的所有權」。這兩者都具備不動產的物權，有對應的法律權狀，可以轉讓過戶，也能當成抵押權的標的，作為銀行貸款的擔保品。
站在開發業者角度，地上權的開發案因為具備固定期限，盡早開發才能回收成本，因此開發商在選地上物，就會優先考慮具備交通優勢等條件的基地，還要使出渾身解數創造最好的建築產品，才能吸引民間使用者來購買與使用。對政府來說，地上權案可減少養地的情況，真正能促進土地開發與使用，藉著官方公開進行的地上權標售，開發商則可避免傳統土地開發常常遇到地主反悔等情況，因為政府就是公開進行地上權標售案的地主，等於保障了開發商的基本權益．對民眾來說，地上權住宅的交易如果有獲利，還可享400萬的免稅額；超過部分，只有10%的房地合一稅，稅務優勢也具吸引力。
整體來看，在房價高漲的年代，與會學者與專家都建議政府應認真思考以地上權為主的住宅政策，且加速推動，創造誘因讓民間業者廣泛參與地上權住宅開發，提供民眾更多居住選擇，保障人民基本居住權。
譯稿如下：
Affordable Home --- Specificies-Housing now a New Favorite
--- Market prices lower than those of general housing, plusTax benefits & Creating all-win situation for government, people and developers
The inflation monster has come to attack, pushing up the housing prices, almost taking the world by a global anxious house-acquisition trend. To this, experts propose that from a global viewpoint, the currently very popular specificies-housing can yet be considered as an option.
As to this topic, Huang Peng-Xi , CEO of US Company ERA Real Estate, said, during a real estate forum the other day, the internationally most representative case for superficies-housing that we could refer to is Singapore’s “superficies-housing” policy which is promoted by national power, successfully ensuring its nationals’ basic housing right, and simultaneously retaining the commercial houses with the land ownership right, balancing without conflict, the need in providing high-rise private housing to international businessmen as well as to rich people.
Since superficies-housing is characterized by lower-than-market prices and entitlement to tax benefits, it is worth considered by the Taiwan government and Taiwan’s people, especially when the world gets caught with the major trend of inflation, and the end of housing prices increase is unforeseeable in short-term; making good use of superficies-housing can create “affordable homes”, enabling an all-win situation for government, people and developers.
Chang Yi-Quan, Adjunct Associate Professor of Chinese Cultural University and Director of Dah Hua Real Estate Appraisers, said superficies-housing has many cases in the world. For Taiwan’s superfices-housing, the advantage is that there is no value-added tax issue, plus that their selling prices are lower than the market prices; these two main factors are the very driving forces for Taiwan to promote the superficies-housing.
Yu Jun-Ming, Secretary General of Federation of the Real Estate Development Associations of The Republic of China, who also attended the Forum, said early stage discussions about superficies-housing involved the lease-right housing sector, but for the prevailing new superficies-housing cases, their legal right structure possess both “the superficies of the land” and also “the ownership right of the houses”. These two rights both possess the rights in rem of the real property, with corresponding legal ownership certificates, which are transferable and can also serve as subject matter of mortgages, and can thus be collaterals for bank loans.
From the view point of developers, superficies development cases are bound by fixed time frame, and the cost can only be recovered if the development can begin as early as possible, and so the developers, when choosing the target sites, will prioritize those sites with advantageous traffic convenience, and will try their best to turn out the best project to attract the private buyers to buy and make good use. For the government, supercifices projects can reduce the idle land situation and really promote the development and usage of the land. By way of public auction of the superficies, developers can avoid some frequently encountered situation in traditional land development cases like landlords’ back out; because the government is the very landlord of the superfices public auction cases, it is just equivalent to protecting the developers’ basic interests. For the public, if there is any profit from the superfices transaction, they can enjoy a tax-free allowance of NT$4 million, and for any excess portion, the applicable 10% integrated housing and land tax is also attractive.
As a whole, during the age of high housing prices, both scholars and experts in the forum suggested that the government should seriously consider the superficies-predominant housing policy and expedite its promotion, creating incentives for private developers to intensively participate in the superficies-housing development, so as to provide more housing choices to the public and to protect the people’s basic right of housing.
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【英譯中】
原文刊登於澳洲電子版Manufacturers’ Monthly
刊登日期2022年1月24日
https://www.manmonthly.com.au/news/zero-emissions-spaceplane-parts-manufactured-hypersonix/
原報導文章題目： Zero emissions spaceplane parts to be manufactured by Hypersonix
譯稿如下：
題目：澳商Hypersonix將生產零碳排太空船零件
Hypersonix Launch Systems, an Australian engineering, design and build company, is investigating the manufacture of flight-critical components for their green hydrogen-powered launch vehicles at the University of Sydney.
澳洲一家從事設計及建造的工程公司Hypersonix發動系統公司（以下簡稱為“HLS”）在澳洲雪梨大學正在從事研究產製以綠氫能為動力載具中的飛控重要零組件。
Hypersonix signed a Master Research Collaboration Agreement (MRCA) with the University of Sydney to research and manufacture the components for Delta Velos – a zero emissions, hypersonic spaceplane. The launch vehicle will be capable of deploying small satellites into low earth orbit.
HLS和雪梨大學簽署了一份研究合作契約，從事研究和製造名為Delta-Velos超音速航天飛機的零排放零件。該運載工具可以將小型衛星部署在低地球軌道裡。【譯者按：據HLS官方網頁說明，Delta Velos 是一台由氫氣推動可重複使用的超音速載具，速度可達12馬赫並可在一般跑道上降落Delta。原文為：Delta-Velos is a reusable hydrogen powered hypersonic launch vehicle that accelerates to Mach 12 and can land on a normal runway.】
Delta Velos will be powered by four green hydrogen-fuelled scramjet engines, enabling carbon neutral propulsion. It will also include the world’s first 3D printed, fixed geometry (no moving parts) scramjet engine in Australia, completed under the Australian Commercialisation grant awarded to Hypersonix in August 2020.
Delta Velos將由4個以綠氫氣為燃料的超音速燃燒衝壓發動機（supersonic combustion Ramjet, 簡稱為scramjet）推動，可以達至碳中和動力。它也包括在澳洲完成世界上第一個3D列印、固體型狀（即沒有活動組件）的超音速燃燒增壓發動機（簡稱scramjet）推動；該發動機在2020年8月由澳洲政府一個產品商業化計劃補助下完成。
Using next generation additive manufacturing technology, University of Sydney researchers will develop flight-critical components (including the spaceplane’s launch system), further versions of the scramjet engine (testing several material components) and vehicle fuselage at the university’s Sydney Manufacturing Hub. The hub was launched in December 2021 by minister for Enterprise, Investment and Trade, Tourism and Sport, and Western Sydney, Stuart Ayres.
雪梨大學研究人員將在校內的雪梨製造中心使用次世代3D列印科技，發展飛控重要零組件（包括太空船的發送系統）、超音速燃燒衝壓發動機新的型號（以測試數種材料成分）及載具的機身。該中心在2021年12月由澳洲南威爾斯省企業投資貿易觀光體育部部長兼西雪梨市部長司圖亞艾利斯啟用。
The research team will be led by Professor Simon Ringer, a materials engineer and expert in materials development for additive manufacturing at the University of Sydney. Ringer’s team will work alongside Hypersonix chief technology officer, Dr Michael Smart.
研究團隊將由雪梨大學的賽門靈格爾教授領導，他是該校3D列印的材料發展專家及材料工程師。靈格爾團隊將會和HLS技術長米高史邁特博士一起作業。
“We are delighted to be working alongside such an innovative, deep technology company like Hypersonix, using advanced 3D printing processes and world-class additive manufacturing facilities for such an important challenge,” Ringer said.
靈格爾說，“對於這樣一個重要挑戰，我們很高興和HLS這樣一家擁有創新、高科技的公司一起工作，採用先進的3D列印程序和世界級的3D列印設備。”
“Additive manufacturing is making the previously impossible, possible. This includes the proposed manufacture of satellite-launching spaceplane components right here at the University of Sydney’s Darlington campus, situated in the very heart of Tech Central.”
“3D列印使以往不可能的變成可能。這包括了在雪梨大學技術中心的核心，就大靈頓校區這裡，製造太空船衛星發射零件的計劃。”
Hypersonix managing director David Waterhouse said the company had received a lot of interest for its recently announced DART AE project and would possibly involve the University of Sydney in that project too.
HLS總經理大衛華特豪斯說，公司近來宣佈的DART AE項目受到很多關注，雪梨大學可能也會參與這個項目。【據HLS官方網頁說明，DART AE是世界上第一個完整超音速平台在高溫情況下的3D列印品。原文為：DART AE is the world’s first 3D Print of an entire hypersonic platform in high-temperature alloys。】
“We are pleased to have found such 3D additive engineering facilities in Sydney and are impressed with the capabilities of Simon Ringer’s team,” Waterhouse said. “We are aiming to launch DART AE in the first quarter of 2023. It is good to be busy, right?”
華特豪斯說：“我們很高興在雪梨看到這樣的3D列印設備，對於賽門靈格爾團隊的能力也有深刻的印象。我們目標是2023年第一季啟動DART AE項目。忙是好事，對吧？”
The joint project will commence in early 2022, with Hypersonix working in the facility to develop a series of smaller proof-of-concept launch vehicles to demonstrate the spaceplane’s efficacy. The first of these projects will be DART AE, a technology demonstrator and small version of Delta Velos, powered by one SPARTAN scramjet engine with a range of 500km, that could be used as a hypersonic target drone if required.
聯合項目將在2 022年初開始，HLS會在（大靈頓校區）技術中心發展一系列較小型能印證概念的發射載具，以演示太空船的效能。第一個項目將是DART AE，一個示範科技的產品、也是Delta Velos的縮小版，由一個斯巴達型超音速燃燒衝壓發動機推動，距離達500公里，需要時可以用作超音速無人靶機。
